The Only Surviving Album of Auschwitz

This is the story of a Hungarian Jewish woman who survived Auschwitz
and found a coat belonging to a guard which she took to shield her from the
cold immediately after her liberation. In the pocket of this coat she found
a photo album. It contained pictures of what went on in this extermination
camp. Imagine her reaction when she saw a picture of herself coming off of
the train as well pictures of her family who were already murdered. This
album at Yad Vashem in Jerusalem was donated by this woman in 1980 and will
forever be displayed there. When you have 5 minutes of peace and quiet in
front of your computer, watch it and consider passing it around to people
that you know so they can share it and know about it. It is truly moving
And important.



Click on link .... Turn on your sound



The Auschwitz Album

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ALL EUROPEAN LIFE DIED IN AUSCHWITZ

WHO YET BELIEVES THAT THERE IS NO URGENT THREAT TO THE FREE WORLD?!

ALL EUROPEAN LIFE DIED IN AUSCHWITZ ... The following is a copy of an article written by Spanish writer Sebastian Vilar Rodriguez and published in a Spanish newspaper on Jan. 15, 2008. It doesn't take much imagination to extrapolate the message to the rest of Europe - and possibly to the rest of the world. REMEMBER AS YOU READ - IT WAS IN A SPANISH PAPER ALL EUROPEAN LIFE DIED IN AUSCHWITZ By Sebastian Vilar Rodrigez I walked down the street in Barcelona , and suddenly discovered a terrible truth - Europe died in Auschwitz .... We killed six million Jews and replaced them with 20 million Muslims. In Auschwitz we burned a culture, thought, creativity, talent. We destroyed the chosen people, truly chosen, because they produced great and wonderful people who changed the world. The contribution of this people is felt in all areas of life: science, art, international trade, and above all, as the conscience of the world. These are the people we burned. And under the pretence of tolerance, and because we wanted to prove to ourselves that we were cured of the disease of racism, we opened our gates to 20 million Muslims, who brought us stupidity and ignorance, religious extremism and lack of tolerance, crime and poverty, due to an unwillingness to work and support their families with pride. They have blown up our trains and turned our beautiful Spanish cities into the third world, drowning in filth and crime. Shut up in the apartments they receive free from the government, they plan the murder and destruction of their naive hosts. And thus, in our misery, we have exchanged culture for fanatical hatred, creative skill for destructive skill, intelligence for backwardness and superstition. We have exchanged the pursuit of peace of the Jews of Europe and their talent for a better future for their children, their determined clinging to life because life is holy, for those who pursue death, for people consumed by the desire for death for themselves and others, for our children and theirs. What a terrible mistake was made by miserable Europe .. The Global Islamic population is approximately 1,200,000,000; that is ONE BILLION TWO HUNDRED MILLION or 20% of the world's population. They have received the following Nobel Prizes: Literature: 1988 - Najib Mahfooz Peace: 1978 - Mohamed Anwar El-Sadat 1990 - Elias James Corey 1994 - Yaser Arafat: 1999 - Ahmed Zewai Economics: (zero) Physics: (zero) Medicine: 1960 - Peter Brian Medawar 1998 - Ferid Mourad TOTAL: 7 SEVEN The Global Jewish population is approximately 14,000,000; that is FOURTEEN MILLION or about 0.02% of the world's population. They have received the following Nobel Prizes: Literature: 1910 - Paul Heyse 1927 - Henri Bergson 1958 - Boris Pasternak 1966 - Shmuel Yosef Agnon 1966 - Nelly Sachs 1976 - Saul Bellow 1978 - Isaac Bashevis Singer 1981 - Elias Canetti 1987 - Joseph Brodsky 1991 - Nadine Gordimer World Peace: 1911 - Alfred Fried 1911 - Tobias Michael Carel Asser 1968 - Rene Cassin 1973 - Henry Kissinger 1978 - Menachem Begin 1986 - Elie Wiesel 1994 - Shimon Peres 1994 - Yitzhak Rabin Physics: 1905 - Adolph Von Baeyer 1906 - Henri Moissan 1907 - Albert Abraham Michelson 1908 - Gabriel Lippmann 1910 - Otto Wallach 1915 - Richard Willstaetter 1918 - Fritz Haber 1921 - Albert Einstein 1922 - Niels Bohr 1925 - James Franck 1925 - Gustav Hertz 1943 - Gustav Stern 1943 - George Charles de Hevesy 1944 - Isidor Issac Rabi 1952 - Felix Bloch 1954 - Max Born 1958 - Igor Tamm 1959 - Emilio Segre 1960 - Donald A. Glaser 1961 - Robert Hofstadter 1961 - Melvin Calvin 1962 - Lev Davidovich Landau 1962 - Max Ferdinand Perutz 1965 - Richard Phillips Feynman 1965 - Julian Schwinger 1969 - Murray Gell-Mann 1971 - Dennis Gabor 1972 - William Howard Stein 1973 - Brian David Josephson 1975 - Benjamin Mottleson 1976 - Burton Richter 1977 - Ilya Prigogine 1978 - Arno Allan Penzias 1978 - Peter L Kapitza 1979 - Stephen Weinberg 1979 - Sheldon Glashow 1979 - Herbert Charles Brown 1980 - Paul Berg 1980 - Walter Gilbert 1981 - Roald Hoffmann 1982 - Aaron Klug 1985 - Albert A. Hauptman 1985 - Jerome Karle 1986 - Dudley R. Herschbach 1988 - Robert Huber 1988 - Leon Lederman 1988 - Melvin Schwartz 1988 - Jack Steinberger 1989 - Sidney Altman 1990 - Jerome Friedman 1992 - Rudolph Marcus 1995 - Martin Perl 2000 - Alan J. Heeger Economics: 1970 - Paul Anthony Samuelson 1971 - Simon Kuznets 1972 - Kenneth Joseph Arrow 1975 - Leonid Kantorovich 1976 - Milton Friedman 1978 - Herbert A. Simon 1980 - Lawrence Robert Klein 1985 - Franco Modigliani 1987 - Robert M. Solow 1990 - Harry Markowitz 1990 - Merton Miller 1992 - Gary Becker 1993 - Robert Fogel Medicine: 1908 - Elie Metchnikoff 1908 - Paul Erlich 1914 - Robert Barany 1922 - Otto Meyerhof 1930 - Karl Landsteiner 1931 - Otto Warburg 1936 - Otto Loewi 1944 - Joseph Erlanger 1944 - Herbert Spencer Gasser 1945 - Ernst Boris Chain 1946 - Hermann Joseph Muller 1950 - Tadeus Reichstein 1952 - Selman Abraham Waksman 1953 - Hans Krebs 1953 - Fritz Albert Lipmann 1958 - Joshua Lederberg 1959 - Arthur Kornberg 1964 - Konrad Bloch 1965 - Francois Jacob 1965 - Andre Lwoff 1967 - George Wald 1968 - Marshall W. Nirenberg 1969 - Salvador Luria 1970 - Julius Axelrod 1970 - Sir Bernard Katz 1972 - Gerald Maurice Edelman 1975 - Howard Martin Temin 1976 - Baruch S. Blumberg 1977 - Roselyn Sussman Yalow 1978 - Daniel Nathans 1980 - Baruj Benacerraf 1984 - Cesar Milstein 1985 - Michael Stuart Brown 1985 - Joseph L. Goldstein 1986 - Stanley Cohen & Rita Levi-Montalcini 1988 - Gertrude Elion 1989 - Harold Varmus 1991 - Erwin Neher 1991 - Bert Sakmann 1993 - Richard J. Roberts 1993 - Phillip Sharp 1994 - Alfred Gilman 1995 - Edward B. Lewis 1996- Lu RoseIacovino TOTAL: 129 The Jews are NOT promoting brain washing children in military training camps, teaching them how to blow themselves up and cause maximum deaths of Jews and other non- Muslims. The Jews don't hijack planes, nor kill athletes at the Olympics, or blow themselves up in German restaurants. There is NOT one single Jew who has destroyed a church. There is NOT a single Jew who protests by killing people. The Jews don't traffic slaves, nor have leaders calling for Jihad and death to all the Infidels. Perhaps the worlds' Muslims should consider investing more in standard education and less in blaming the Jews for all their problems. Muslims must ask 'What can they do for humankind' before they demand that humankind respects them. Regardless of your feelings about the crisis between Israel and the Palestinians & Arab neighbors, even if you believe there is more culpability on Israels ' part, the following two sentences really say it all: 'If the Arabs put down their weapons today, there would be no more violence. If the Jews put down their weapons today, there would be no more Israel ." -Benjamin Netanyahu General Eisenhower warned us it is a matter of history that when the Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces, General Dwight Eisenhower, found the victims of the death camps he ordered all possible photographs to be taken, and for the German people from surrounding villages to be ushered through the camps and even made to bury the dead. He did this because he said in words to this effect: 'Get it all on record now, get the films, get the wit-nesses, because some-where down the road of history some bastard will get up and say that this never happened.' Recently, the UK debated whether to remove The Holocaust from its school curriculum because it 'offends' the Muslim population which claims it never occurred. It is not removed as yet. However, this is a frightening portent of the fear that is gripping the world and how easily each country is giving into it. It is now more than 60 years after the Second World War in Europe ended. This e-mail is being sent as a memorial chain, in memory of the, six million Jews, 20 million Russians, 10 million Christians, and 1,900 Catholic priests who were 'murdered, raped, burned, starved, beaten, experimented on and humiliated' while the German people looked the other way. Now, more than ever, with Iran , among others, claiming the Holocaust to be 'a myth,' it is imperative to make sure the world never forgets. This e-mail is intended to reach 400 million people. Be a link in the memorial chain and help distribute this around the world. How many years will it be before the attack on the World Trade Center 'NEVER HAPPENED' because it offends some Muslim in the United States ? Do not just delete this message; it will take only a minutes to pass this along. .

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How the slogan - "A roti and a red Solo" was born

An interesting bit of our history.


Serjad Makmadeen was born in Princes Town in 1910 and was the last of the eight children of Makmadeen, an immigrant from the Punjab, and his wife Rosalin Jamaria who hailed from Martinique.

When Serjad was still quite young the family moved to Bellevue in St James, and he attended primary school up to the age of ten. After this, economic circumstances forced him to leave school and he secured employment as "the gardener" at the large property known as Ellerslie in Maraval.

Life for young Serjad Makmadeen was extremely difficult. Poverty stalked his existence. Each morning he rose early and after his meagre breakfast of a cup of "cocoa tea" he walked across Long Circular Road to start the day's work with only a short break for lunch, which he had prepared and brought with him.

Serjad worked as a gardener until he was 13, when he got a job as a baker's apprentice at the MI Bakery on Charlotte Street, in Port of Spain. Soon he became involved in selling bread and cakes and would deliver his goods to customers on a bicycle. To develop a large clientele, Serjad gave an extra loaf to anyone who had purchased more than 12 loaves, paying for this extra loaf out of his own pocket. This allowed him to build up a substantial clientele in a short space of time and he soon became the bakery's top salesman.

Having come from a situation of poverty, Serjad was determined to make a better way of life for himself. He saved his small salary and began to look for opportunities of self-improvement.

In the 1930's, whilst still working at the bakery, he learnt that one Mrs Bajnath had a small soft drink plant for sale in St James. Having accumulated $350, Serjad borrowed $250 from his friend Nagib Elias, and bought Mrs Bajnath's soft drink plant. It was around this time that he got married to Khairoon Khan, who worked with her husband in running the plant. Everything was done manually: She washed the bottles, boiled the syrup and hand filled the bottles, also adding the carbonated water and capping the bottles.

The plant produced one bottle of soft drink per minute. Using old beer bottles, two flavours of soft drink were produced: Cola Champagne and Banana. Serjad would make one or two cases of soft drinks per day after he finished work at the bakery, which he would take with him on his rounds the next day. As he knew most of his customers well, he was able to convince them to buy his soft drinks.

The difficulty of an East Indian breaking into the soft drink business in a colonial society was evident from Serjad's following experience. When he first acquired the plant he wrote several times to various soft drink producers in England enquiring on how he could make improvements. He got no replies. It was evident by his name that he was not an Englishman but an East Indian so Serjad recognising this, changed his name to JOSEPH CHARLES, which quickly led to communication between himself and the hitherto silent producers.

Joseph Charles soon started to have a problem with the availability of bottles. His clientele was growing and he could not get enough bottles to satisfy the demand. Moreover, he did not have sufficient capital to buy new bottles. He read in a magazine that a soft drink factory in Montreal was closing down and its assets were up for sale. He realised that this would be the source of empty soft drink bottles, which he promptly bought and shipped to Trinidad. The bottles, however, had a brand name "SOLO" and a logo - a pilot drinking from a bottle of soft drink presumably after a solo flight - stamped on them.

Joseph made the expedient decision to keep the brand that has been maintained to this day, along with the distinctive heavy glass Solo bottles. This acquisition of the brand, which later gave birth to the popular catch phrase "A roti and a red Solo", was one of those happy accidents which is a combination of outside influences, business decision-making and sheer good luck.

After the Second World War and with demand for his soft drinks, Joseph bought an additional plant from the Dugar Brothers in British Guiana and went into the soft drink business as a full time occupation. He relocated his factory to the area under his house on Panka Lane, St James. This plant was an improvement on the old one and had the capacity to produce eight bottles per minute. By 1950, a new plant was set up at the corner of White Street and Tragarete Road opposite the Queen's Park Oval with new equipment imported from the United States. This plant produced 72 bottles of soft drink per minute.

During the decade of the 50s, Joseph Charles sought to consolidate his business. He was forever striving for consistency in flavours and paying particular attention to cleanliness and quality. At his new plant he now employed 20 workers including his two sons, Vernon and the younger Kenneth, who would go to the factory after school and at vacation time to assist and learn from their father.

Joseph worked long hours to develop his business, beginning at 4 o'clock in the morning and sometimes leaving the factory at 11 o'clock in the evening. He now hired salesmen to sell his products and made sure that they left the factory at 4 a.m. so as to be the first to get to the customers.

Despite his limited formal education, he ensured that he knew how the plant operated and single handedly modified his factory so that it produced 144 bottles per minute. At this time he introduced four new flavours: Cola, Grape, Cream Soda and Orange; added a shift system and increased his staff to 65 people.

By 1958, the White Street plant became too small for Solo to service its customers efficiently and Joseph Charles was able to secure a loan from the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce for $1.8 million and in January 1960 constructed a new state of the art factory in San Juan on the Churchill Roosevelt Highway. The new plant and machinery were purchased from the United States and were fully automated. In 1962 he introduced the still widely popular SOLO APPLE J.

Joseph Charles died in 1965 and is succeeded by his youngest son Kenneth and his family who now own and operate the company. Like his father before him, Ken has continued to buy new technology to increase efficiency and productivity of the factory and it is now a fully computerised plant.

Joseph Charles Bottling Works is a popular and well liked company. It is involved in many community activities and sponsors the steelband Solo Pan Knights as well as table tennis and badminton competitions. It supports power boat racing, and "Mr Solo" is a regular and popular champion. The highest accolade for any brand is affectionate reference to it in popular culture.
The Joseph Charles company has achieved this with two of its brands, "DOUBLES AND APPLE J" sung in calypso, and its slogan "A ROTI AND A RED SOLO" included in a rap.

When Miss Universe, Trinidadian Wendy Fitzwilliam said publicly that she missed her "ROTI AND RED SOLO", she confirmed that the company first founded by Joseph Charles had truly entered the Caribbean heart. Joseph Charles was a good family man and imparted sound values to his children. He was self-taught, read a lot and mastered the mechanical workings of his plant. He was a man of integrity and charity - always helping the poor in many ways, and sponsoring dinners for them at regular intervals. He looked after his employees, often providing houses for many. He shunned publicity and was a most humble person.

The Trinidad and Tobago Chamber of Industry and Commerce is indeed honoured to induct Mr Joseph Charles into the Business Hall of Fame.

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Religious Debate

Several centuries ago, the Pope decreed that all the Jews had to convert to Catholicism or leave Italy. There was a huge outcry from the Jewish community, so the Pope offered a deal.

He'd have a religious debate with the leader of the Jewish community. If the Jews won, they could stay in Italy; if the Pope won, they'd have to convert or leave.

The Jewish people met and picked an aged and wise rabbi to represent them in the debate. However, as the rabbi spoke no Italian, and the Pope spoke no Yiddish, they agreed that it would be a 'silent' debate.

On the chosen day the Pope and rabbi sat opposite each other

The Pope raised his hand and showed three fingers.

The rabbi looked back and raised one finger.

Next, the Pope waved his finger around his head.

The rabbi pointed to the ground where he sat.

The Pope brought out a communion wafer and a chalice of wine.

The rabbi pulled out an apple.

With that, the Pope stood up and declared himself beaten and said that the rabbi was too clever. The Jews could stay in Italy.

Later the cardinals met with the Pope and asked him what had happened.

The Pope said, 'First I held up three fingers to represent the Trinity. He responded by holding up a single finger to remind me there is still only one God common to both our beliefs.

'Then, I waved my finger around my head to show him that God was all around us. He responded by pointing to the ground to show that God was also right here with us.

'I pulled out the wine and wafer to show that God absolves us of all our sins. He pulled out an apple to remind me of the original sin.

'He bested me at every move and I could not continue.'

Meanwhile, the Jewish community gathered to ask the rabbi how he'd won.

'I haven't a clue' the rabbi said. 'First, he told me that we had three days to get out of Italy, so I gave him the finger.

'Then he tells me that the whole country would be cleared of Jews and I told him that we were staying right here.'

'And then what?' asked a woman.

'Who knows?' said the rabbi. 'He took out his lunch so I took out mine.'

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How JFK was really killed... chilling

If you agree, forward it, if you don’t delete it. I don’t want to know one way or the other.

I remember Lyndon Johnson saying on TV the day after the Kennedy assassination, that the world would never know all the facts surrounding Kennedys killing for 75 years until the complete file of information would be revealed. I also remember Walter Cronkite announcing on TV, that the Nation could not handle the full truth in that Century. Well, only 47 years have passed since Kennedys assassination. This is hard to fake and is very chilling....... who was driving? This video shows the limousine chauffeur that takes President J.F.K. and his wife, November 22nd 1963 in Dallas, Texas, shooting the gun with his left hand. This was the video that the CIA did not show to the public view. And did you ask yourself why was Jackie trying to run away towards the trunk, away from the front of the car? And why did JFKs skull wound was in the front, when supposedly Oswald shot him from the back?? Interesting.......... and chilling...............

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Stop Qaddafi

Dear friends,

The Arab League has just formally proposed a resolution at the UN Security Council to create a no-fly zone over Libya. After weeks of international deadlock, this is the moment of truth -- and if we don't persuade the UN to act now, we could see in Libya one of the worst bloodbaths of our new century.

Qaddafi's forces are crushing the rebellion town by town. If they retake the country, brutal retribution awaits Libyans who challenged the regime. Already, reports of torture and killing are flowing from retaken areas.

Ordinary Libyans are asking if the world has abandoned them. The Avaaz community is deeply committed to non-violence, but enforcing a no-fly zone to ground Qaddafi's gunships is one case where UN-backed military action seems necessary. Polls of our community show 86% of us support a no-fly zone. Now, as the decisive UN vote nears, it's time for the biggest outcry we can raise.

We cheered when Libya's people rose up, and we cannot, we must not, ignore their plea for help now, in their darkest hour. Even if you've sent one before, click to send a message to the UN Security Council now:

http://www.avaaz.org/en/libya_no_fly_zone_3/?vl

The UN is split, but the ground is shifting rapidly -- with China, Russia, and Germany arguing against, and the Arab League, the Islamic Conference, the UK, and France pushing in favor. The US and India are on the fence. This is no old-style East-West debate, nor, as some fear, an oil-grab conspiracy. The Libyan provisional council, which France has recognized as Libya's legitimate government, is desperately calling for the no-fly zone and international support, but with each passing day, the danger grows that any help will come too late.

A no-fly zone alone isn't a silver bullet -- it should be matched by still-stronger targeted sanctions and asset freezes, jamming of Qaddafi's violence-inciting broadcasts, and more countries extending diplomatic recognition to Libya's provisional council. Even with all of that, it could fall short. But those opposing strong action must ask whether, with tens of thousands of lives in the balance, they're ready to call for inaction.

International law and the UN Security Council have made clear that, when mass crimes against humanity are committed, the international community has a responsibility to protect people from these crimes, even if their attacker is their own government. While we do not yet know the full magnitude of Qaddafi's crimes, we cannot look away. Click to send an urgent message to the UN Security Council delegates:

http://www.avaaz.org/en/libya_no_fly_zone_3/?vl

In the best-case scenario, Qaddafi would react to a UN resolution about a no-fly zone by ending his air attacks. But if he does not, enforcing the no-fly zone would require strikes on fighters he attempts to use, and possibly air strikes on Qaddafi's anti-aircraft missile batteries. There is a chance that a no-fly zone could lead to deeper international military involvement in Libya.

While the world (and Avaaz) objected strongly to George W. Bush's war in Iraq, and we have advocated for peaceful solutions to conflicts in numerous places, this is not Iraq. If we don't act soon, Libya could look more like Darfur, with massive crimes against humanity committed against whole communities of people. The Qaddafi regime has a long history of torture, massacring its own people and sponsoring international terrorism, and the Libyan people are unified against Qaddafi’s troops – even his own tribe and hometown have distanced themselves from his actions.

The situation in Libya -- and the world's response to it -- is complex, with many different actors and agendas, and the future of a post-Qaddafi Libya remains unclear. While this complexity must dictate the care we take in our actions, for the sake of tens of thousands of Libyan people, it cannot, it must not, render us inactive. Let's make the best choice we can, and act, now.

With hope,

Stephanie, Ricken, Ben, Alice, Graziela, Benjamin, Rewan, and the whole Avaaz team

SOURCES

Qaddafi Forces Resume Air Attacks on Retreating Libyan Rebels:
http://www.businessweek.com/news/2011-03-15/qaddafi-forces-resume-air-attacks-on-retreating-libyan-rebels.html

UN battle over Libya no-fly zone:
http://www.emirates247.com/news/world/un-battle-over-libya-no-fly-zone-2011-03-16-1.368854

Libya: Ajdabiya hit by fresh airstrikes:
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/libya/8383137/Libya-Ajdabiya-hit-by-fresh-airstrikes.html

Libya 'point of decision' nears as Cameron aims to secure UN resolution:
http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2011/mar/14/cameron-gaddafi-france-lebanon-libya

Clinton Meets in Paris With Libyan Rebel Leader:
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/15/world/africa/15clinton.html

Gaddafi offers $400,00 bounty for Libyan opposition leader:
http://en.rian.ru/world/20110309/162928578.html

Libyan rebels recapture Brega:
http://english.aljazeera.net/news/africa/2011/03/2011313211520579451.html

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Belmont

BELMONT TID-BITS....

a bit of history.........

The first President of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago was born on Myler St. Belmont.

Belmont was the first suburb of Port of Spain.

The first six cents pirate taxi to grace the streets of Port of Spain in the mid-forties was from Belmont.

Belmont has more Churches, more schools and certainly more lanes than any other community in Trinidad and Tobago. On one street alone are three large modern schools, Providence Girls, Belmont Junior Secondary and Belmont Primary within a hundred yards of each other, and two Prep schools almost opposite each other. Then there is Belmont Boys RC and Belmont Intermediate Myler St., legend says, was named after the legendary stick fighter, MEYLER the invincible.

Belmont Hill, where the Hilton now stands, was the site of the first Government House uptown. The 41 acres originally belonged to Spanish settlers and in 1785 was the subject of a lawsuit. When the matter was finally resolved, the Government bought the hill for $1,920.00

Belmont was formerly a sugar estate and the city’s first suburb inhabited by freed blacks. There is no evidence of any form of town planning in its layout, as the streets were laid out after the area was settled.

Once known as Freetown, Lady Young Road (named after the wife of Mayor Sir J. W. Young) Governor of Trinidad from 1937 to 1942. During his term of office, sweeping changes were made in the labour movement as a result of the 1937 Riots.

Oxford Street: In about 1810, the British were busy renaming the streets of the City, and Oxford was to remind us of that pleasant University town in England.

Belmont landmarks include the L’Hospice, built for the aged in 1858 by an Italian bishop following a cholera outbreak, and the Belmont orphanage, now well over 100 years old.

Belmont Folklore includes the story of the Belmont Jackass which had gold teeth and walked around Belle Eau Road at night, and there was also the silk cotton tree at the corner of Belmont Circular and Queen’s Park East under which soucouyant limed at night.

In 1941 Governor Young tried to beautify the Belmont Hill by landscaping and expressed the hope that the hill would bloom with every flowering tree that is native to Trinidad.

Observatory Street: Named after the sugar estate Observatory which bordered the town. The estate itself deriving its name from the fact that it was cited on the hill overlooking the Town. The Spaniards had called it de San Antonio, with their penchant for the Saints.

Queens’ Park Savannah: This was formerly Paradise Sugar Estate. Purchased by the Cabildo in 1817 and renamed Queen’s park. The Peschier family who owned the estate reserved their burial rights and this has been preserved to this day.

Gloster lodge: The home of Henry Gloster who maintained an estate there. In 1826 he laid the foundation stone of the Hanover Weslyan Church.

Jerningham Avenue: Named after Sir H.E. H. Jerningham, Governor of Trinidad from 1897-1900. On January 1st. 1899 Tobago was united with Trinidad as a single colony and he became the joint colony's first Governor.

The late Sir Alan Reece, 'Mr. Public Service' was born in Belmont In 1906 and served in Public Service for 57 years.
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Eisenhower

When I was a kid, I couldn't understand why Eisenhower was so popular. Maybe this will explain why.

General Eisenhower

Warned Us

It is a matter of history that when the Supreme Commander of the Allied Forces, General Dwight Eisenhower, found the victims of the death camps he ordered all possible photographs to be taken, and for the German people from surrounding villages to be ushered through the camps and even made to bury the dead.

He did this because he said in words to this effect:

'Get it all on record now - get the films - get the witnesses -because somewhere down the road of history some bastard will get up and say that this never happened'

The UK has debated whether to remove The Holocaust from its school curriculum because it 'offends' the Muslim population which claims it never occurred. It is NOT removed as yet.. However, this is a frightening portion of the fear that is gripping the world and how easily each country is giving into it.

It is now more than 60 years after the Second World War in Europe ended. This e-mail is being sent as a memorial chain, in memory of the,6 million Jews, 20 million Russians, 10 million Christians, and 1,900 Catholic priests Who were 'murdered, raped, burned, starved, beat, experimented on and humiliated' while the German people looked the other way!

Now, more than ever, with Iran, among others, claiming the Holocaust to be a myth, it is imperative to make sure the world never forgets.

This e-mail is intended to reach 400 million people! Be a link in the memorial chain and help distribute this around the world.

How many years will it be before the attack on the World Trade Center

'NEVER HAPPENED'

because it offends some Muslim in the U.S. ???
Do not just delete this message; it will take only a minute to pass this along.

FREEDOM ISN'T FREE...SOMEONE HAD TO PAY FOR IT

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Harry and Bess Truman

Harry & Bess

WE WILL NEVER SEE THIS HAPPEN AGAIN........

BUT MAYBE THIS IS THE WAY IT SHOULD BE....

Harry Truman was a different kind of President. He probably made as many, or more important decisions regarding our nation's history as any of the other 42 Presidents preceding him. However, a measure of his greatness may rest on what he did after he left the White House.

The only asset he had when he died was the house he lived in, which was in Independence Missouri . His wife had inherited the house from her mother and father and other than their years in the White House, they lived their entire lives there.

When he retired from office in 1952, his income was a U.S. Army pension reported to have been $13,507.72 a year. Congress, noting that he was paying for his stamps and personally licking them, granted him an 'allowance' and, later, a retroactive pension of $25,000 per year.

After President Eisenhower was inaugurated, Harry and Bess drove home to Missouri by themselves. There was no Secret Service following them. When offered corporate
positions at large salaries, he declined, stating, "You don't want me. You want the
office of the President, and that doesn't belong to me. It belongs to the American
people and it's not for sale." Even later, on May 6, 1971, when Congress was
preparing to award him the Medal of Honor on his 87th birthday, he refused to accept
it, writing, "I don't consider that I have done anything which should be the reason
for any award, Congressional or otherwise."

As president he paid for all of his own travel expenses and food.

Modern politicians have found a new level of success in cashing in on the Presidency, resulting in untold wealth. Today, many in Congress also have found a way
to become quite wealthy while enjoying the fruits of their offices. Political offices
are now for sale.

Good old Harry Truman was correct when he observed, "My choices in life were
either to be a piano player in a whore house or a politician And to tell the truth,there's hardly any difference!

I say dig him up and clone him!!

This is not sent for discussion. If you agree, forward it. If you don't, delete it. I don't want to know one way or the other. By me forwarding it, you know how I feel.
Enjoy life now-it has an expiration date!

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Where did Piss Poor come from? Interesting History

They used to use urine to tan animal skins, so families used to all pee in a pot and then once a day it was taken and sold to the tannery........if you had to do this to survive you were "Piss Poor". But worse than that were the really poor folk who couldn't even afford to buy a pot......they "didn't have a pot to piss in" were the lowest of the low

The next time you are washing your hands and complain because the water temperature isn't just how you like it, think about how things used to be.

Here are some facts about the 1500s:

Most people got married in June because they took their yearly bath in May, and they still smelled pretty good by June.. However, since they were starting to smell . ..... . Brides carried a bouquet of flowers to hide the body odor. Hence the custom today of carrying a bouquet when getting married.

Baths consisted of a big tub filled with hot water. The man of the house had the privilege of the nice clean water, then all the other sons and men, then the women and finally the children. Last of all the babies. By then the water was so dirty you could actually lose someone in it.. Hence the saying, "Don't throw the baby out with the Bath water!"

Houses had thatched roofs-thick straw-piled high, with no wood underneath. It was the only place for animals to get warm, so all the cats and other small animals (mice, bugs) lived in the roof. When it rained it became slippery and sometimes the animals would slip and fall off the roof... Hence the saying "It's raining cats and dogs."

There was nothing to stop things from falling into the house. This posed a real problem in the bedroom where bugs and other droppings could mess up your nice clean bed. Hence, a bed with big posts and a sheet hung over the top afforded some protection. That's how canopy beds came into existence..

The floor was dirt. Only the wealthy had something other than dirt.. Hence the saying, "Dirt poor." The wealthy had slate floors that would get slippery in the winter when wet, so they spread thresh (straw) on floor to help keep their footing. As the winter wore on, they added more thresh until, when you opened the door, it would all start slipping outside. A piece of wood was placed in the entrance-way. Hence: a thresh hold.

(Getting quite an education, aren't you?)

In those old days, they cooked in the kitchen with a big kettle that always hung over the fire.. Every day they lit the fire and added things to the pot. They ate mostly vegetables and did not get much meat. They would eat the stew for dinner, leaving leftovers in the pot to get cold overnight and then start over the next day. Sometimes stew had food in it that had been there for quite a while. Hence the rhyme: Peas porridge hot, peas porridge cold, peas porridge in the pot nine days old.

Sometimes they could obtain pork, which made them feel quite special. When visitors came over, they would hang up their bacon to show off. It was a sign of wealth that a man could, "bring home the bacon." They would cut off a little to share with guests and would all sit around and chew the fat.

Those with money had plates made of pewter. Food with high acid content caused some of the lead to leach onto the food, causing lead poisoning death. This happened most often with tomatoes, so for the next 400 years or so, tomatoes were considered poisonous.

Bread was divided according to status. Workers got the burnt bottom of the loaf, the family got the middle, and guests got the top, or the upper crust.

Lead cups were used to drink ale or whisky. The combination would
Sometimes knock the imbibers out for a couple of days. Someone walking along the road would take them for dead and prepare them for burial. They were laid out on the kitchen table for a couple of days and the family would gather around and eat and drink and wait and see if they would wake up. Hence the custom of holding a wake.

England is old and small and the local folks started running out of places to bury people. So they would dig up coffins and would take the bones to a bone-house, and reuse the grave. When reopening these coffins, 1 out of 25 coffins were found to have scratch marks on the inside and they realized they had been burying people alive... So they would tie a string on the wrist of the corpse, lead it through the coffin and up through the ground and tie it to a bell. Someone would have to sit out in the graveyard all night (the graveyard shift.) to listen for the bell; thus,someone could be, saved by the bell or was considered a dead ringer.

And that's the truth....Now, whoever said History was boring ! ! !

So . . . get out there and educate someone!

Share these facts with a friend

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My Comment

History certainly is not boring when you put it that way. Some noted inaccuracies are:

1. Bathing during the 1500s were not common. As a matter of fact, there was a "no bathing rule", with exception to baptism. They saw bathing as unnecessary. Their idea of bathing as next to godliness was far from their mind.

2. The brides traditionally carried a bouquet made of white flowers, which had a symbolic meaning: stephanotis symbolised good-luck; pimpernel, change; white flowers, innocence; forget-me-nots, true love; ivy, friendship, fidelity, and matrimony; and orange blossoms, beauty, personality, and fertility.

3. The saying, "Don't throw the baby out with the Bath water!" is a german proverb recorded for the first time in 1512 " das Kind mit dem Bade ausschütten" recorded by Thomas Murner in his satire "Narrenbeschworung" (Appeal to Fools).

4. The phrase "It's raining cats and dogs." first appeared in Jonathan Swift, Polite Conversation (1708).

5. Canopy beds date as far back to medieval times and were popular among the wealthy. It was design in such a way for privacy

6. The phrase"Dirt poor." first appeared in Edna Ferber's novel "American Beauty" (1931).

7. To "bring home the bacon" has two possible origins, both not close to this one in the email. One from the greased pig contest in America and the other in England, where a couple is offered a whole side of bacon during a what is called the Dunmow flitch trial.

8. The vessel most commonly used to drink bear was the horn cup, made from two pieces of cow or bullock horn. They were light but strong. However, lead cups were used to drink ale or whiskey. Plumbism is highly likely with such a combination (Annex, p. 181). Needless to say, the custom of holding a wake or vigil origins out of the need to pray for the soul of the deceased.

9. In the old England the use of a coffin can not be ascertained, but there are records that state its use far back as the 1500s. It increase use occurred during the introduction of Christianity. Its use was mainly to conceal the dead (Gittings, p. 157). However, during 1500s, the less than wealthy were generally shrouded in a sheet from head to foot and buried. Gittings cited: "...the book of Common Prayers speaks of earth being scattered over the body" and that some parishes had a communal coffin in which the poor would be carried in to the burial area. The terms cited have little to do with burial during the Elizabethan period.

10. This brings us to the idea of the term: the "graveyard shift". This term is American in origin and refers to late-night work shift that could be one that is lonely, and dates to the turn of the 20th century. As for the terms: "saved by the bell" and "dead ringer" are both boxing slangs. The word "ringer" also has been used in horse-racing to mean a substitute horse. "Dead ringer" means an exact substitute.

Reference:

Jupp, P. & Gittings, C. (1999). Death in England: an illustrated history. Manchester University Press : UK.

Wilton, D (2004). Word myths: debunking linguistic urban legends. Oxford University Press: New York

Todd, R.W (2006). Much ado about English: up and down the bizarre byways of a fascinating language. Nicholas Brealey Publishing: London.

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Do You Know How The Apostles Died?

O ONE EVER Said it would be easy!!~~but~~WOW!!

NEVER, EVER SEEN THIS ALL IN ONE PLACE BEFORE!

1		Matthew Suffered martyrdom in Ethiopia , killed by a sword wound
2		Mark Died in Alexandria , Egypt , after being dragged by Horses through the streets until he was dead .
3		Luke Was hanged in Greece as a result of his tremendous preaching to the lost.
4		John Faced martyrdom when he was boiled in huge basin of boiling oil during a wave of persecution in Rome . However, he was miraculously delivered from death. John was then sentenced to the mines on the prison island of Patmos . He wrote his prophetic Book of Revelation on Patmos . The apostle John was later freed and returned to serve as Bishop of Edessa in modern Turkey . He died as an old man, the only apostle to die peacefully.
5		Peter He was crucified upside down on an x-shaped cross. According to church tradition it was because he told his tormentors that he felt unworthy to die in the same way that Jesus Christ had died.

6		James Just The leader of the church in Jerusalem , was thrown over a hundred feet down from the southeast pinnacle of the Temple when he refused to deny his faith in Christ . When they discovered that he survived the fall, his enemies beat James to death with a fuller's club. * This was the same pinnacle where Satan had taken Jesus during the Temptation.
7		James the Great Son of Zebedee , was a fisherman by trade when Jesus called him to a lifetime of ministry. As a strong leader of the church, James was ultimately beheaded at Jerusalem . The Roman officer who guarded James watched amazed as James defended his faith at his trial. Later, the officer walked beside James to the place of execution. Overcome by conviction, he declared his new faith to the judge and knelt beside James to accept beheading as a Christian
8		Bartholomew Also known as Nathaniel Was a missionary to Asia . He witnessed for our Lord in present day Turkey . Bartholomew was martyred for his preaching in Armenia where he was flayed to death by a whip.
9		Andrew Was crucified on an x-shaped cross in Patras , Greece . After being whipped severely by seven soldiers they tied his body to the cross with cords to prolong his agony. His followers reported that, when he was led toward the cross, Andrew saluted it in these words: 'I have long desired and expected this happy hour. The cross has been consecrated by the body of Christ hanging on it.' He continued to preach to his tormentors for two days until he expired.
10		Thomas Was stabbed with a spear in India during one of his missionary trips to establish the church in the sub-continen

11		Jude Was killed with arrows when he refused to deny his faith in Christ .
12		Matthias The apostle chosen to replace the traitor Judas Iscariot, was stoned and then beheaded.
13		Paul Was tortured and then beheaded by the evil Emperor Nero at Rome in A.D. 67. Paul endured a lengthy imprisonment , which allowed him to write his many epistles to the churches he had formed throughout the Roman Empire . These letters, which taught many of the foundational doctrines of Christianity, form a large portion of the New Testament.

Perhaps this is a reminder to us that our sufferings here

are

indeed minor compared

to the intense persecution and cold cruelty faced by the apostles

disciples

during their times for the sake of the Faith. And ye shall be hated

of all men for my name's sake:

But he that endureth to the end shall be saved.

Matthew 10:22

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The Origin of "S.H.I.T"

When people ask what you learned today .....

Manure... An interesting fact

Manure : In the 16th and 17th centuries, everything had to be transported by ship and it was also before the invention of commercial fertilizers, so large shipments of manure were quite common.



It was shipped dry, because in dry form it weighed a lot less than when wet, but once water (at sea) hit it, not only did it become heavier, but the process of fermentation began again, of which a by product is methane gas of course. As the stuff was stored below decks in bundles you can see what could (and did) happen.
Methane began to build up below decks and the first time someone came below at night with a lantern, BOOOOM!




Several ships were destroyed in this manner before it was determined just what was happening

After that, the bundles of manure were always stamped with the instruction ' Stow high in transit ' on them, which meant for the sailors to stow it high enough off the lower decks so that any water that came into the hold would not touch this volatile cargo and start the production of methane.






Thus evolved the term ' S.H.I.T ' , (Stow High In Transit) which has come down through the centuries and is in use to this very day.

You probably did not know the true history of this word.

Neither did I.

I had always thought it was a political term.

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My Comment:

I could hardly dispute this... Right up to the 1800s, such types of shipments occur. These contents contain methane gas and could cause an explosion on vessels so they were instead Stored High In Transit or Ship High In Transit to let the air circulate. The acronym S.H.I.T is generally used. However, the very origin of the word "shit" is from the Anglo-Saxon word "scyton" meaning "to throw, cast forth, or throw out" . The verb "shite" is recorded as far back as the 14th century. Very few words therefore begin as an acronym. Therefore, this is an etymological urban legend.

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Barack Obama's not the first Black President of the United States of America

So now what do you think of these facts ????


Did you know that Barack Obama's not the first Black President of the United States of America ? He's the EIGHTH! He is just the darkest shade.

The country didn't go to hell in a hand bag after the election of the other SEVEN, now did it? So, go ahead and listen to the issues, get past the color bias, the rhetoric and outrageous personal attacks. Support and pray for the TEAM that has a platform so desperately needed by this country right now. So, get educated and introduce yourself to the first SEVEN BLACK PRESIDENTS!
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THE SEVEN BLACK PRESIDENTS BEFORE BARACK OBAMA



A portrait of John Hanson by John Hesselius, late 1760s.

1. John Hanson (a Moor) was actually the 1st President of the United States , he served from 1781 - 1782 and he was black. The new country was actually formed on March 1, 1781 with the adoption of The Articles of Confederation. This document was actually proposed on June 11, 1776, but not agreed upon by Congress until November 15, 1777. Maryland refused to sign this document until Virginia and New
York ceded their western lands ( Maryland was afraid that these states would gain too much power in the new government from such large amounts of land).

Once the signing took place in 1781, a President was needed to run the country. John Hanson was chosen unanimously by Congress (which included George Washington). In fact, all the other potential candidates refused to run against him, as he was a major player in the revolution and an extremely influential member of Congress.

As President, Hanson ordered all foreign troops off American soil, as well as removal of all foreign flags. He established the Great Seal of the United States , which all Presidents since have been required to use on all Official Documents. He declared that the 4the Thursday of every November to be Thanksgiving Day, which is still true today. Even though elected, one variable that was never thought through was that America was not going to accept a Black President during the heart of the enslavement period. Enter George Washington.


2. Thomas Jefferson was the 3rd President of the United States , he served from 1801 - 1809 and he was black. His mother a half-breed Indian squaw and his father a mulatto (half white and half black) from Virginia . He fathered numerous children with Sally Hemmings, a mulatto slave with whom he lived in Europe .


3. Andrew Jackson was the 7th President of the United States . He served from 1829 - 1837 and he was black. His mother was a white woman from Ireland who had Andrew Jackson with a black man. His father's other children (Andrew Jackson's stepbrother) was sold into slavery.


4. Abraham Lincoln was the 16th President of the United States , he served from 1861 - 1865 and he was black. His mother was from an Ethiopian Tribe and his father was an African American. It was told that his father was Thomas Lincoln a man to cover the truth, but he was sterile from childhood mumps and was later castrated, making it impossible for him to have been his father. Lincoln 's nickname "Abraham Africa-nus the First."


5. Warren Harding was the 28th President of the United States , he served from 1921 - 1923 and he was black. Harding never denied his ancestry. When Republican leaders called on Harding to deny his "Negro" history, he said, "How should I know whether or not one of my ancestors might have jumped the fence?"


6. Calvin Coolidge was the 29th President of the United States , he served from 1923 - 1929 and he was black. He proudly admitted that his mother was dark but claimed it was because of a mixed Indian ancestry. His mother's maiden name was "Moor." In Europe the name "Moor" was given to all Black people just as in America the name "Negro" was used.


7. Dwight E. Eisenhower was the 33rd President of the United States , he served from 1953 - 1961 and he was black. His mother, Ida Elizabeth Stover Eisenhower, an anti-war advocate, was half black.


8. Barack Obama

So, America has survived and thrived through our first Seven Black Presidents and we will survive and THRIVE through the election of this one!

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My Comment:

John Hanson is mostly considered of Swedish ancestry in most books. George Grant, in his book "The Patriot's Handbook" indicated that he, being the first president, was forgotten because the Articles of Confederation did not work well in bring together the states. The presidents under the new Constitution of today are mostly acknowledged. In the book "Where is our land?" he is written as a Moor. In another book "Black People and their Place in World History" by Leroy Vaughn, as a leading authority of black history, has much discourse concerning these presidents (p.140-143). He confirms their mixed heritage.

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